Characterization methods of copper monatomic catalysts are often used to determine their structure and properties, and the following are several common characterization methods.

Binder is a polymer compound used in electrode making to adhere the active substance to the collector fluid. The main function is to bond and maintain active substances.

In this paper, a series of hard carbon materials with adjustable structure were prepared using chitosan as carbon source, and the relationship between the evolution of hard carbon structure and the properties of sodium storage was analyzed.

Many materials through rolling, extrusion and other deformation processes, or even if not deformed, the grains in the polycrystal show more or less statistical uneven distribution, this organizational structure is called texture.

The method of assisting internal stress without additional energy proposed in this paper provides an economical and convenient new strategy for improving battery reaction dynamics.

X-ray diffraction technology is widely used in the research of lithium-ion batteries. XRD is a conventional method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phases in materials.

The application of new technologies and new products such as 5G, big data, and artificial intelligence will bring a huge semiconductor market demand, and global semiconductor equipment spending has entered an upward cycle.

X-ray diffractometer (XRD) can be divided into X-ray powder diffractometer and X-ray single crystal diffractometer, the basic physical principle of the two is the same.

XRD is a means of research which is Diffraction by X-Ray diffraction of a material to analyze its diffraction pattern to obtain information such as the composition of the material, the structure or shape of atoms or molecules inside the material.

Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) is a kind of X-ray diffraction technique, which is different from the traditional XRD experiment, mainly by changing the Angle of X-ray incidence and the orientation of the sample.