Characterization methods of copper monatomic catalysts are often used to determine their structure and properties, and the following are several common characterization methods.

Binder is a polymer compound used in electrode making to adhere the active substance to the collector fluid. The main function is to bond and maintain active substances.

In this paper, a series of hard carbon materials with adjustable structure were prepared using chitosan as carbon source, and the relationship between the evolution of hard carbon structure and the properties of sodium storage was analyzed.

Cement is a common building supplies, generally divided into ordinary Portland cement, Portland cement mixed materials and special cement, the use of Portland cement is more.

Recently, Applied Clay Science reported "High-pressure Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction study of kaolinite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4."

By X-ray diffraction of the material and analysis of its diffraction pattern, information such as the composition of the material, the structure or morphology of the internal atoms or molecules is obtained.